George s



(No Model.)

G. S. LONG.

, Machine Belting,

Nq. 231,726. Patented Aug. 31,1880.

H E ssEs=f UNITED STATES PATENT OFFrcE.

GEORGE S. LONG, OF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-THIRD OF HIS RIGHT TO HIMSELF AND TWO-TH IRDS TO GEORGE W. WILLIAMS,

OF SAME PLACE.

MACHlNE-BELTING.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 231,726, dated August 31, 1880.

Application filed May 21, 1880. i (No model.) i

To all whom it may concern Be it known that 1, GEORGE S. LONG, a citizen of the United States, residing at Hartford, in the county of Hart-ford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements relatingto Machine-Belting, of which thefollowing is a specification.

I have discovered and practically wrought out a manufacture having a warp of metallic 1o wiresteel, iron, brass, or the like, annealing each as soft as the metal can be made-and a filling-weft of fiber, cotton, linen, woolen, or even cheap silk, so wrought together that the goods Will be twoply, threeply, or more,

1 with a correspondingincrease in the thickness, body, and strength, so as to present the fiber alone at the surfaces to form the contact with the pulleys and to take the wear due to the contact therewith.

I have devised a mode of equipping the ends which keeps the piece in perfect form, not allowing itto unravel. My fabric may be wrought of much width and of only moderate thickness, with a surface of rich material,

suitable for other uses where stiffness and strength with extraordinary durability are desirable. I will describe it as confined to belting, which I esteem its most important use.

I introduce between the plies of my belting a series of wires, lying straight or nearly straight, which take .a large portion of the tensile strain.

The following is a description of what I consider the best means of carrying out the in- 5 vention.

The accompanying drawings form a part of this specification.

Figure l is a face view, partly in section. Fig. 2 is a section, on a larger scale, at right angles to that in Fig. 1. Both sections are longitudinal of the fiber, and Fig. 3 is a crosssection. The succeeding figures show a yarn of the warp on a larger scale. Fig. 4 is a side view, and Fig. 5 is a cross-section. 5 Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures.

A A, &c., are warp-wires of annealed iron. A A are selvage-wires of copper or soft brass. They may be, wound on separate spools,

yarn-beams, or other convenient means of delivering them into the loom, as required; but

I have in nay-experiments found no difficulty in winding them together on the same beam, like ordinary warparns, and delivering them at a uniform rate under the considerable tension required.

The loom is equipped with suitable harnesses. shuttles, and appurtenances for weaving two-ply. The weft is compound yarn of soft-spun cotton, forming an aggregate yarn 6o much larger than the warp, as indicated by B B L It is important to the proper flexibility of the Weft, in order to weave this goods in its best quality, that the weft shall be in two or more separately-spun yarns. I can wind the whole on a single bobbin and inclosed in a single shuttle, so that it will be delivered together, and prefer to do so. I esteem six separate strands the most desirable number, and

will so describe itthat is to say, each yarnB is composed of six independent soft-spun yarns of cotton. An inferior grade of cotton or other fiber may serve; but I esteem it important that the several strands of which the wefts B are composed are not only soft-spun, so as .to each be flexible, but also that they shall lie parallel to each otherthat is to say, not spun or braided together.

The harnesses are worked as in ordinary 8o weaving of two-ply goods, the several warps being alternated in position at intervals from the lower fabric to the upper fabric, and back again, so as to unite the two-ply into a single tough and practically uniform fabric, while it is also in reality two separate fabrics applied together, each having its independent filling.

The fillings of the two-ply may be of different characters or qualities of fiber, if desired in any case; but I prefer to have them exactly alike.

Between the two plies of goods I extend a series of nearly straight wires, C. These wires extend longitudinally of the fabric, similarly to the warp-wires; but they are not warps in 5 any ordinary sense. They are liable to be slightly bent by being deflected by the pressure of the-wefts alternately in one direction,

and another; but they are much less subjected to such deflection than the regular warp-wires A A.

I will refer to the wires 0 hereinafter as straight wires. They lie practically straight in the fabric. A separate beam or other delivering means (not shown) is provided for the straight wires 0, a less length being required of these wires for a given length of fabric, on account of the straight position in which the wires 0 lie.

The selvage-wires are by their position more deflected or bent alternatelyin opposite directions to accommodate themselves to the Weft. This is compensated by the increased capacity of the copper or brass to stretch, and no unequal tension is experienced in the manufacture or in the subsequent use of the goods.

I can weave my fabric of any width desired.

For very narrow belts my goods may be produced on a webbing-loom with the consequent capacity for manufacturing several pieces at once.

To equip the ends of my fabrics to serve as the abutting ends of belts, I cut off the material squarely to the proper length, and after unraveling or picking out the weft for a short distance-say half an inchand immersing the ends of the wires in acid and in melted solder to effect the necessary tinning, apply a cover or cap of folded sheet-brass, as indicated by D. This cap should be of such width as will cover the exposed ends of the wire and lap a little upon the unraveled portion of the fabric, as represented. By dampening the adjacent portion of the fabric and clamping it tightly between wooden or cold metal clamps (not represented) the fiber is effectually protected from possible injury by the heat, and the tinning of the wires A A and theapplication of the clamp D may be performed at leisure. The clamp D, when properly placed, is soldered or sweated fast to the inclosed wires by clampingit temporarily in hot clamps. (Not shown.)

It will be seen that the straight wires 0 take all, or nearly all, the tensile strains on the belt. It will also be seen that the outside plies mainly form a protection for the straight wires 0, and serve as a tough and resilient bed for affording a tight hug on the pulleys; but all the warp-wires contribute somewhat to the strength. Their condition as separate plies on the two sides of the straight wire Gis highly favorable to the alternate contraction and expansion which the two sides of the belt are compelled to undergo in repeatedly changing their position from the straight lines between the pulleys to the curved condition in passing 1 around the respective pulleys.

-Modifications may be made in many of the details without departing from the principle of the invention. 1 can make the goods threeply, four'ply, or more, if desirable in any case. I can, as already suggested, use various metals for the warps A A and for the straight wires 0. So, also, I can use various fibers for the weft; but it is essential to the success of the invention that more than ordinary means be employed to make the weft thick, soft, and especially flexible, to accommodate itself to the nearly straight wires of the warp.

It will be seen that the filling B forms a bed or protection for the warps A A and for the straight wires 0. The Weft or filling takes all the wear, and, being of good frictional qualities, keeps the belt from slipping on the pulleys. Theordinary function of weft-that of holding the fabric together laterally-is am ply fulfilled by very soft-spun weft, because the strain in that direction is very insignificant.

The condition in which the Weft lies, being very greatly bent inward and outward at the passage of the several warps, performs a function which is much more important in goods for other uses than for belting-that of concealing the wires.

I claim as my invention-- 1. In an improved belt, the combination of a fabric of two or more plies having wires in the warp and soft fibers in the weft with the straight wires 0, inclosed between the two plies of the goods, as herein specified.

2. The belting described, having wires A 0 extending longitudinally, and caps D soldered thereon, as herein specified.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand at l\'ew York city, New York, this 19th day of May, 1880, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

Gr. S..LONG.

Witnesses:

E. B. DILLINGHAM, CHARLES (J. SrE'rsoN. 

